Austria Nationality American Alma mater (Ph.D) Occupation Architect Awards Christopher Wolfgang Alexander (born 4 October 1936 in, Austria) is a widely influential and design theorist, and currently at the. His theories about the nature of human-centered have affected fields beyond architecture, including,, and others. Alexander has designed and personally built over 100 buildings, both as an architect and a general contractor. In software, Alexander is regarded as the father of the movement. The first —the technology behind —led directly from Alexander's work, according to its creator,. Alexander's work has also influenced the development of. In architecture, Alexander's work is used by a number of different contemporary architectural communities of practice, including the movement, to help people to reclaim control over their own built environment.
Indian struggle for independence by bipin chandra pdf editor. He is remembered for avenging the Jallianwala Bagh massacre by brutally murdering Sir Michael O'Dwyer on March 13, 1940. For his act, Udham Singh was convicted and was eventually sentenced to death. Udham Singh (26 December 1899 – 31 July 1940) Udham Singh was one of the most important and famous revolutionaries who took part in the Indian independence movement.
However, Alexander is controversial among some mainstream architects and critics, in part because his work is often harshly critical of much of contemporary architectural theory and practice. Alexander is known for many books on the design and building process, including, (first published as a paper and recently re-published in book form),, A New Theory of Urban Design,. More recently he published the four-volume: An Essay on the Art of Building and the Nature of the Universe, about his newer theories of 'morphogenetic' processes, and The Battle for the Life and Beauty of the Earth, about the implementation of his theories in a large building project in Japan. All his works are developed or accumulated from his previous works, so his works should be read as a whole rather than fragmented pieces. His life's work or the best of his works is The Nature of Order on which he spent about 30 years, and the very first version of The Nature of Order was done in 1981, one year before this famous debate with Peter Eisenman in Harvard.
Christopher Alexander has a very unique talent for integrating sophisticated design theory into simpe poetic language that inspires and informs in a way that is a call to action. The Center for Environmental Structure continues to form a cornerstone of architectural and urban design research.
Alexander is perhaps best known for his 1977 book, a perennial seller some four decades after publication. Reasoning that users are more sensitive to their needs than any architect could be, he produced and validated (in collaboration with his students Sara Ishikawa,, Max Jacobson, Ingrid King, and Shlomo Angel) a ' to empower anyone to design and build at any scale. Contents • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Personal life [ ] As a young child Alexander emigrated in fall 1938 with his parents from Austria to England, when his parents were forced to flee the Nazi regime.
He spent much of his childhood in and, England, where he began his education in the sciences. He moved from England to the United States in 1958 to study at. He moved to in 1963 to accept an appointment as Professor of Architecture, a position he would hold for almost 40 years. In 2002, after his retirement, Alexander moved to, England, where he continues to write, teach and build. Alexander is married to Margaret Moore Alexander, and he has two daughters, Sophie and Lily, by his former wife Pamela.
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Education [ ] Alexander attended, England. In 1954, he was awarded the top open scholarship to, in chemistry and physics, and went on to read mathematics. He earned a in Architecture and a in Mathematics. He took his doctorate at Harvard (the first in Architecture ever awarded at ), and was elected fellow at Harvard. During the same period he worked at MIT in transportation theory and computer science, and worked at Harvard in cognition and cognitive studies. Honors [ ] Alexander was elected to the, Harvard University 1961-64; awarded the First Medal for Research by the American Institute of Architects, 1972; elected member of the Swedish Royal Academy, 1980; winner of the Best Building in Japan award, 1985; winner of the ACSA (Association of Collegiate Schools of Architecture) Distinguished Professor Award, 1986 and 1987; invited to present the Louis Kahn Memorial Lecture, 1992; awarded the Seaside Prize, 1994; elected a Fellow of the, 1996; one of the two inaugural recipients of the Athena Award, given by the (CNU), 2006.
Awarded ( in absentia) the by the, 2009; awarded the lifetime achievement award by the, 2011; winner of the, 2014. Career [ ] Author [ ] (1979) described the perfection of use to which buildings could aspire: There is one timeless way of building.